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* * * * * * * *
¡mDemocracy and Narodism in China¡n
Lenin Collected Works Progress Publishers, (1975), Moscow, Vol.18, p.163-169.

¡@.... Every line of Sun Yat-sen¡¦s platform breathes a spirit of militant and sincere democracy. It reveals a thorough understanding of the inadequacy of a ¡§racial¡¨ revolution. There is not a trace in it of indifference to political issues, or even of underestimation of political liberty, or of the idea that Chinese ¡§social reform¡¨, Chinese constitutional reforms, etc., could be compatible with Chinese autocracy. It stands for complete democracy and the demand for a republic.

¡@.... The Asiatic provisional President of the Republic is a revolutionary democrat, endowed with the nobility and heroism of a class that is rising, not declining, 

¡@.... But the Chinese Narodnik combines this ideology of militant democracy, firstly, with socialist dreams, with hopes of China avoiding the capitalist path, of preventing capitalism, and, secondly, with a plan for, and advocacy of, radical agrarian reform. It is these two last ideological and political trends that constitute the element which forms Narodism¡XNarodism in the specific sense of that term, i.e., as distinct from democracy, as a supplement to democracy.

¡@.... From the point of view of doctrine, this theory is that of a petty-bourgeois ¡§socialist¡¨ reactionary. For the idea that capitalism can be ¡§prevented¡¨ in China and that a ¡§social revolution¡¨ there will be made easier by the country¡¦s backwardness, and so on, is altogether reactionary. And Sun Yat-sen himself, with inimitable, one might say virginal, naivete, smashes his reactionary Narodnik. Theory by admitting what reality forces him to admit, namely that ¡§China is on the eve of a gigantic industrial [i.e., capitalist] development¡¨, that in China ¡§trade [i.e., capitalism] will develop to an enormous extent¡¨, that ¡§in fifty years we shall have many Shanghais¡¨, i.e., huge centres of capitalist wealth and proletarian need and poverty.

¡@But the question arises: does Sun Yat-sen, on the basis of his reactionary economic theory, uphold an actually reactionary agrarian programme? That is the crux of the matter, its most interesting point, and one on which curtailed and emasculated liberal quasi-Marxism is often at a loss.

¡@The fact of the matter is that he does not. The dialectics of the social relations in China reveals itself precisely in the fact that, while sincerely sympathising with socialism in Europe, the Chinese democrats have transformed it into a reactionary theory, and on the basis of this reactionary theory of ¡§preventing¡¨ capitalism are championing a purely capitalist, a maximum capitalist, agrarian programme!

¡@

http://www.southnews.com.tw

  2010.08.16

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